Description

Cancer is the second most common cause of death in the Western world, after cardiovascular
diseases. Worldwide, an estimated cancer incidence of about 10 million was reported for the
year 2009, and 1 out of every 3 persons is estimated to suffer from cancer by the age of 75
years (Nagai et al., 2017). It is also estimated that about 7.9 million people world-wide will
die from cancer this year, accounting for nearly 12% of deaths worldwide. In the United
States alone, an estimated 569,490 deaths from cancer are projected for the 2010 (Bray et al.,
2024). Recent published estimates of worldwide frequency of the 16 major cancers indicate
that in developing countries with a high prevalence of infectious and nutritional diseases,
cancer remains a major cause of death. This may account partly for the current statistics
whereby more than half the global incidence of cancer is from the so-called developing
countries, since an estimated 70-80% of the global population resides in these areas (Sung et
al., 2021). The estimated annual incidence of cancer ranges from 48 to 225 per 100,000 in
developing countries.
Oral cancer, particularly for oral and maxillofacial surgeons is very important to understand.
It is among the top 10 cancer despite the improvement of research in term of prevention and
therapeutic ways. Due to delayed in clinical detection and early diagnosis, oral cancer cases
presented with regional lymph node involvement and distance metastatic (43% and 10%) of
all oral cancer cases respectively. The goal of this paper is explain and deeply understanding
the basic clinical, histological, and therapeutic aspects of oral cancer (Irani, 2016).