Description

Nanoscience and nanotechnology are areas of knowledge and innovation that have aroused increasing interest in the scientific community, since they are conceptualized as a set of techniques used to manipulate molecules on a nanometer scale (10−9 m) (Kumbhar et al., 2022). The great interest in the study of these materials is because they present physicochemical properties different from those of the already known base materials, which allows countless new possibilities of applications. These involve the integration of multiple areas of science, including chemistry, biology, medicine, pharmacy, and engineering, with the purpose of promoting quality of life and the promotion of health in society (Yang et al., 2022).
Various materials have been worked on to the nanometer scale, among them. In the carbon nanotube (CNT) atoms, carbons are arranged in condensed aromatic rings, formed by graphene sheets rolled in cylinders (Kolahdouz et al., 2022). A sheet of graphene is a 2D structure composed of a network of carbon atoms arranged in hexagonal form and among them by hybridization of their electron orbits, according to the number of layers of graphene. CNTs, which can also be called pristine, are commercially available in two forms: single layer (SWCNT), with about 0.4 to 2.22 nm diameter, and multilayer (MWCNT), which may vary from 1 to 100 nm diameter (Gupta et al., 2019). Additionally, the CNT nanoscale diameter makes it attractive, as it provides a large area/volume ratio allowing the use of CNTs as biomolecule carriers, that is, molecules that can interact with cells and tissues (Lohan et al., 2017). MWCNT is the most used for the targeted release of drugs, because of its photothermal properties, due to its ease of absorption. CNTs have stood out as the most promising nanomaterial in the 21st century with numerous applications, as in tissue regeneration, gene therapy, and release system, as it is biocompatible and useful in the detection of tumors (Gulati et al., 2020).